Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Female Reproductive System free essay sample

At the point when a young lady arrives at the age of 13-15, she starts to ovulate or begins her period. This is the age of her sexual development, the period of sexual development in both male and female is called pubescence. The female regenerative framework is an intricate and significant framework. The framework serves three primary capacities: to store ova, to deliver ova, and to keep a treated egg until it is prepared to live all alone. What occurs in this age? Pubescence is set apart by changes in the body for instance, in the female the bosoms begin creating, pubic hairs likewise develop and you become much progressively grumpy. The primary period in the life of a young lady is called menarche. In the female, the interior private parts are the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the vagina. The ovary it is a matched organ. Every ovary of the grown-up female is an oval body and weight 2-8 grams. We will compose a custom paper test on Female Reproductive System or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The ovum drops into the body pit. The procedure is called ovulation; the ovum which is discharged in to stomach hole is pushed towards the oval channel. The ovum at last enters the channel and starts descending the conduit. The ovum is exceptionally little the size of a pinhead. The ovary discharges one ovum like clockwork. Next comes the uterus or belly, it is an empty, pear-formed strong structure. Its upper more extensive bit is known as the corpus uteri and the thin part is the cervix. The cavity of the belly is 7-8 centimeter long. The outside genital pieces of the female incorporate the external and the internal lips and the clitoris. The external and internal lips close the openings of the vaginal cylinder, the vestibule. The clitoris is found in the pubic split. In feminine cycle eggs will never be embedded in the uterus in the unfertilized state. After around fourteen days of ovulation the uterus starts to contract. This sign is of fixing the arrangements it had made to get to have an infant. Upon the withdrawal of uterus, the blood vessels crack, and the blood streams out through the vagina. The blood alongside tissue trash is called menses. Feminine cycle goes on for 3-4 days. Feminine cycle happens 14 days after the ovulation. Again 14 days after monthly cycle, there is new ovulation. Both these procedures stop once pregnancy had set in. There are post-preparation changes like, mplantation after treatment the conceptive organs are coordinated towards an alternate arrangement of exercises. As the prepared egg goes down the oviduct, it experiencing mitotic cell division, it is a relentless procedure, yet for our benefit we isolate the post-treatment occasions in to various stages. At the point when the phone frames a mass of cells there is no space inside the gathering, it’s called the morula stage. The cells of morul a improve in a way to leave some space. This stage is called blastula; in this way it is blastula which is inserted in the uterus. This procedure is called implantation. The mass of the uterus is thick and its divider has muscles, organs and blood vessels. As the treated egg dissolves into the uterine divider, there is some disintegration of blood narrow. Accordingly the blood comes out and the blastula gets sustenance from that blood. This will create in to hatchling lastly a child. At the point when the blastula embedded in the uterus of the mother, it keeps on developing by cell division. There significant layers of cells create. These are the germ layers. Films are created and the furthest layer of the undeveloped organism is framed and now called chorion. The second covering of the incipient organism is amnion, which promptly encompasses the embryo and ensures it. Inside this covering there is an amniotic liquid which shields the undeveloped organism from stuns just as any significant injury. There is a close contact between the veins of the uterus and that of the embryo through the placenta. Umbilical string fills in as a connection between the hatchling and maternal flow. At the point when the early stage advancement is finished, the child is conceived. The child is pushed out by the withdrawal of the uterine muscles; this is called birth. Somewhere close to 45-55 years the ovary quits discharging the egg. We can say that the ovary has gotten nonfunctional. Menopause is a typical piece of a womans maturing process. The ovaries quit discharging eggs, and menstrual periods stop. Most ladies experience menopause around age 50. Before to menopause, menstrual cycles regularly become off. The ovaries are less dynamic to animating hormone and luteinizing hormone. To attempt to compensate for the diminished reaction, the body delivers MORE of these hormones. The degree of these hormones will diminish. The hormones delivered by the ovaries incorporate the various types of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin. The ovaries keep on creating limited quantities of testosterone and some estrogen. The hormones created by the pituitary organ are additionally diminished. Since hormone levels fall, changes happen in the whole conceptive framework. The vaginal dividers become less flexible, more slender, and less inflexible. The vagina decreases and shorter. At the point when period stops in a lady, it is underestimated that she won't have the option to have a kid any more. Consummation of monthly cycle is called menopause.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Managing People Issues Arising and Implementing

Question: Examine about the Managing People Issues Arising and Implementing. Answer: Presentation: Representatives are the individuals who impel the association to progress by helping it accomplish the set objectives and destinations. Pioneers are the individuals who administer the execution of the obligations by the laborers, and they settle on significant choices in the association. They, in any case, speak to the proprietors of the business, and any choice they cause must to be in conference with them. Driving individuals isn't a simple errand as individuals have various perspectives on different exercises and controlling them is a difficult activity for the administrators (Strom, Sears, Kelly, 2014, pp.71-82). Mechanical changes have changed the business world, and representatives can pick who to work for and the area to from (Baldwin, Scott, 2013). Worldwide extensions have prompted representatives having the legitimateness to work globally. The principle point of working isn't just to accomplish the association objectives and targets yet in addition get cash to fulfill one's needs. These are the essential reasons why numerous representatives work, and some don't stress over the presentation of the association as long as they get paid for their administrations ( Zahra, Hayton, 2008, pp.195-220). Supervisors experienced issues in attempting to make the workers responsible and answerable for the execution of the association obligations. Administrators are the difficult solver and all the occasions must guarantee the set targets are reached. In the endeavor to spur the representatives to buckle down, pioneers think of various designs to evaluate them. Examination implies remunerating the representatives for good work done. Pay rates and wages are the prizes given to the workers by the businesses to remunerate their endeavors, yet evaluation includes extraordinary acknowledgment of their endeavors. These might be educated regarding work advancements, pay increase, taking them to free occasions, giving them off time, expanding their recompenses, and so on every one of these components improve the representative's assurance, and he/she feels a feeling of having a place. Human consistently like acknowledgment and applause from others. At the point when the administration perceives the representatives, this rouses them to buckle down, and through this, the association objective is accomplished. In this way representative examination is an extremely basic component in guaranteeing the achievement of the group. Usage of progress in the association is confronted with cordiality nearly in all zones not just business condition (Oh, Lewis,2009). Change of the examination techniques may not be acknowledged by all the individuals in the gathering as some may see it not right. Chiefs have an obligation to persuade the workers on the choices they make that they are the best and are intended to profit them. Successful reception of any goals requires discussion among all the business partners. These lone implies that all partners of the organization are basic and their assessments are important to concoct the best choices by the chiefs. Any evaluation change must be acknowledged by all representatives to dodge contradictions which may hinder the business exercises. This paper checks an integrative methodology on the best way to deal with individuals' issues which emerge from changes in the evaluation frameworks in the association. Representatives' needs are managed by the human asset office headed by a chief. The office focuses on for the most part guaranteeing that representatives are happy with their working in the association and arrangements given by the top administrators are embraced completely. Change is unavoidable in the association, yet opposition is likewise an assurance from the various partners in the association. The explanation behind obstruction might be for individual reasons as individuals see that the new changes don't profit them in any capacity. There is likewise an idea that new things are terrible and are utilized to deceive individuals. In this manner, the representatives may oppose without solid reasons yet presumptions. Change prompts change of how exercises are done, and individuals might be unyielding to change as they see it difficult to adjust to the changes. Be that as it may, change is in the same class as rest and gives a chance to see things in an alternate edge. Change may br ing about high advantages as not all progressions are expected to hurt or rebuff individuals (Thomas, Hardy, 2011, pp. 322-331). The association should persistently refresh its frameworks to stay away from the chance of them being obsolete. There are numerous adjustments in the earth, and for organizations to stay pertinent, they should place then into thought. (Hodder, Holmes, Keir, 2010, pp.1097-1107).Technological advances have made business execution altogether different. Before, entrepreneurs couldn't have cared less about the government assistance of the workers however were after enormous benefits. Be that as it may, these days numerous limitations have developed on the most proficient method to handles diverse business partners in the business sectors. Mindfulness is high among the individuals and shame of individuals' privileges may prompt the firm stumbling into difficulty. The law specifies that obliviousness is no guard and the business must realize how to regard workers according to the law, and any uniqueness may prompt its mistreatment by the representatives. Be that as it may, there is no requi rement for business to badger or treat the workers ineffectively as they decide how the business is completed. Upbeat and fulfilled workers have responsibility for exercises the association completes in this manner are responsible and mindful. The choices they take for the benefit of the business are with most extreme reasonable and focused on the general government assistance of the association (Crane, Matten, 2016). Inspiration and Learning The inspirations of workers make them upbeat and accept the gathering as their property subsequently convey exercises genuinely and tirelessly. These make the outcomes extremely engaging and helpful for the group. The workers are individuals with families, and it is important to treat them well as they have sentiments. Remunerating their additional endeavors improves their expectations for everyday comforts by causing them to have the option to provide food for their requirements effortlessly (Manzoor, 2012, pp. 1). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a hypothesis that targets clarifying that the individuals have needs that are fundamental and must be satisfied for them to have the option to learn and appreciate. The essential needs incorporate food, safe house and dress and their satisfaction causes workers or individuals to have genuine feelings of serenity henceforth better execution exercises (Sadri, Bowen, 2011, pp. 44-49). The adjustments in the earth may render the laborers to be untalented as a result of the new changes. It is dishonest for the association to lay them off yet it should set up the measure to prepare them and have the option to do works without any problem. The adjustments in the workplace may likewise be confronted with obstruction from the representatives. It might prompt retirements, staff turnovers, high wastage, and so forth. Preparing satisfies the laborers with the work as they can execute obligations without any challenges confronted (Gong, Huang, Farh, 2009, pp.765-778). The operant molding hypothesis of learning specifies learning happens when the individuals' practices are trailed by fortification or discipline. For this situation, the learning is strengthened by the prizes (Brush, 2014).When changes come, and individuals are allowed to concentrate in the association, they are a short time later remunerated by advancements as their degrees of information have expanded. The n ormal result causes the representatives to adjust to the new change as there is something that spurs them (Aguinis, Kraiger, 2009, pp.451-474). Administration is the capacity to lead individuals to accomplish singular goals. Possibility hypothesis specifies that there is no unmistakable path put down of how individuals should complete pioneers. Various circumstances need various cures, and it is the obligation of the pioneers to be quick to the progressions comprehensively. Directors are answerable for all the exercises that happen in the association. They are at risk and should consistently the responsible. Chiefs ought to have great working relations with the representatives and prize them as indicated by win the devotion. The reward will make laborers open to working in the association. Change in the evaluation strategy is the obligation of chiefs, and they should structure a methodology they are capable and ready to execute. Bogus guarantees in the association will consistently prompt clashes which can bring about business disappointment. In this way, the chiefs must put guarantees they can accomplish to keep up the trus t with the workers. The job of supervisors is to settle on a ultimate choices after the discussion, and they ought not be apprehensive. Nonetheless, subsequent to settling on the choice, they ought to without a doubt attempt to persuade the representatives with the point of causing them to acknowledge for example the examination technique change. The conduct of pioneers and the specialist is clarified by the value-based hypothesis which targets guaranteeing that there is a decent connection between the two gatherings. The great relationship causes the business exercises to be accomplished effectively. This strategy is substantial as there is something to spur it and pioneers can search for an approach to remunerate or rebuff representatives to guarantee their demonstrations and obligations line up with the desires for the association (Cai, 2008, pp. 212-220). Change authority hypothesis specifies that the workers can be persuaded by the correct associations with the directors and this can settle on them acknowledges the choices made easily as they believe that the choices make deal with their necessities (Northouse, 2012).Employees feelings of trepidation are that their fulfillment with not be accomplished and the confirmation may make them not to oppose changes in the association. Changes acquire stoppage the exercises of the association as there is no consent to go about as a rule in the accomplishment of the destinations. Any contradiction must be managed quicker to guarantee tasks proceed consistently for the organizations. Authority is found out and furthermore close to home characteristics one is brought into the world with which must be distinguished when one is certain and devoted. Learning and inspiration empower the representatives to have inherent, extraneous inspiration. Inborn just implies that will be content with work they do in the co

Friday, August 21, 2020

Life Changing Essay Example for Free

Extraordinary Essay Throughout everyday life, we as a whole know something that has changed the manner in which we see individuals and occasions. Most significant occasions that have changed our recognition can be our experience that we have experienced and gained from. Extraordinary encounters assume a significant job on our turn of events. Regardless of whether grown-ups or kids, we are influenced by our experience which could affect us massively. Specifically, my past experience have influenced me altogether. One is my first professional training, the other is my first-time understanding of living in a spic and span nation. Right off the bat, my first professional training extraordinarily influenced me. I recollect that I was working at a Taiwanese café. It was a truly bustling café with five to eight workers. My chief disclosed to me that being a decent server, it is critical to grin and have a decent demeanor. I was not working admirably on my first day of work. I was not so much upbeat, since I committed a ton of error, including destroying customer’s orders, no grinning, and a terrible help disposition. I was decided by my administrator. In any case, I accepted that training would prompt improvement and I never surrendered, continue learning and rehearsing the working aptitudes. From that point onward, I turned into a develop and effective server. Notwithstanding above experience, correspondence and co-activity are likewise what I realized on my activity. For instance, when I served my clients just because, I was too bashful to even think about talking. Yet, the most significant thing for a server to think about is customers’ needs and desires. Absence of correspondence with clients won't accomplish this. Subsequent to laboring for one month, I figured out how to speak with my clients. Moreover, co-activity between associates is likewise significant. I figured out how to function with different servers/servers and saw progressively about collaboration. For example, my director would allot the assignments to us and each server/server should know about his/her obligations. The most troublesome snapshot of co-activity is during the business hours, since representatives should be all the more comprehension of one another. Furthermore, living in another nation is my other huge experience. I lived in England for a long time. At the point when I previously showed up in England, I lived with a receiving family in Oxford. Language and newness to the city are the most serious issues that I confronted. My most exceptional second is my first day of going to class in Oxford. I was unable to communicate in English and I felt lost in another territory. At that point, non-verbal communication was my solitary apparatus to assist me with finding my school. I despite everything recollect that I was pondering taking a busâ school, however I didnâ⠂¬â„¢t know where the bus stop was. I attempted to utilize my non-verbal communication to ask a bystander. It was blessed that a respectable man comprehended my non-verbal communication and my school address. From that point onward, he carried me to the school. My first involvement with England emphatically influenced me. Thinking back, my first professional training caused me to grow up and come active. It likewise showed me work co-activity. Prior to my first occupation, I didn't care for talking, I was bashful when I was conversing with individuals. However, presently, I am never short of talking. In addition I can say that correct now I see progressively about how to co-work with my kin, since I learned on my first occupation. The upside of my England’s experience is that I took in another dialect, I got autonomous and my versatility got more grounded. Beforehand, I was unable to communicate in English, however now I can on a very basic level speak with individuals in English. Likewise, â€Å"living without anyone else, supporting yourself, taking care of your tabs, and having all out opportunity over your area is genuinely extraordinary. It changes your point of view on isolation †it’s nothing to fear, and can be really extraordinary †and gives you that you are equipped for overseeing things without anyone else if the need ever arises.† ( from THOUGHT CATALOG, 7 groundbreaking encounters each young lady has the right to have, BY SOPHIE MARTIN, Mar.11, 2014 ). I accept that when you travel to new nation and live without anyone else, it will cause you to get free. Ultimately, my flexibility got more grounded since I lived in England. A solid flexibility make me all the more effectively coordinate into another condition. Taking everything into account, groundbreaking encounters are extremely imperative to us. For my situation, my first professional training and my first-time understanding of living in a fresh out of the box new nation are what prompted change in my life. Co-activity aptitudes, autonomy, flexibility and language abilities are what I realized. Clearly, individuals can pick up someth ing through their background. These encounters are our life exercises that lead to our future.

Friday, May 29, 2020

Business Intelligence at Canadian Tire - Free Essay Example

Business Intelligence at Canadian Tire The overall purpose of Business Intelligence systems and software is to manage and analyze data in a manner that would support effective decision making. The BI initiative could help Canadian Tire to manage and analyze its data in a way that would allow the company to consolidate and integrate some of its information systems. The information provided in the case indicates that CTC is operating and supporting many different operation systems, mainframes, hardware platforms, database management systems, production applications and desktop-based application and tools. Consolidating and integrating some of these systems would assist CTC not only in managing data more effectively, but also in cutting costs on the maintenance and management of its information systems. This is true of any information system that has room for consolidation and integration improvements. For instance, in the reading â€Å"The Quest for Customer Focus†, Continental Airlines was able consolidate its previous 85 to 90 database systems into just a 2 database systems. Merging the databases helped Continental improve its information system by creating a consensus between the data analysis with regard to matters such as who the most valued customers are. Integrating their information systems also helped Continental to eliminate costly problems such as customers being able to get more than one flight voucher for bumped flights, because gate agents and telephone agents were unable to determine if the customer had already been compensated using the previous system. The case mentioned 10 common challenges of business information implementation: â€Å"budget constraints, data quality, understanding and managing user expectations, culture change, time required to implement, data integration, education and training, ROI justification, business rules analysis, and management sponsorship† (Haggety Meister, Pg. 6). In the case of CTC, we believe that most important challenges that Eubank and Wnek had to consider were budget constraints, data integration and time required to implement. Implementing a new BI system can be costly and the information in the case indicates that CTC was spending a great deal of money on the systems that it currently has in place. One of the goals of implementing a BI system is to become more cost-effective, however implementing the system itself will be costly. According to the case, only 30% of the BI systems that are launched are actually successful. With larger organizations requiring more complex BI systems, the chances of successfully launching a BI system on time and within the budget are considerably lower. Data integration will also be an important factor to consider. As mentioned earlier, CTC had been using multiple different operating systems, hardware platforms, etc. In order to meet the goal of managing data more efficiently and cut costs, many of these systems will likely need to be consolidated and integrated. Lastly, Eubank and Wnek must keep in mind the amount time required to implement the business information system, as they had quick win requests that were currently pending. When considering the challenge of budget constraints, it should be considered that resources invested in the business information system now could lead to costs of maintenance and management of the information systems being cut in the future. Consolidating and integrating the existing system would significantly reduce costs for CTC in the future. It is also worth mentioning that if the BI system is successful it could improve business operations, which could in turn increase profits. When making decisions regarding the BI system, Eubank and Wnek had to bear in mind the goals of implementing the system and make their decisions with these goals in mind. When facing the challenge of data integration, we would also keep in mind the goals of managing data more effectively and cutting costs. We would carefully analyze the existing systems to determine what is working and what is not and try to go from there. We would also try to recognize any opportunity to consolidate systems, as it is often not efficient to have multiple different systems operating within the same organization. When facing the challenge of implementation time for the new system, we would first want to come up with a timeline that would efficiently meet the needs of CTC. As the reading â€Å"The Quest for Customer Focus† mentioned, implementing new systems and using the data that is collected in a way that is beneficial and meaningful to the organization can take a long time—sometimes even years. For example, it took Continental Airlines more than four years just to reach the communal coordination stage. In the long run, however, the investment of time and resources will pay off if the system is successful. In looking at the quick win requests, however, we would likely want respond to the requests that seemed to be the most in line with business goals simply because it the amount of time doing so may take away from the BI system being ready. Canadian Tire Corporation’s organizational structure can be divided into five main parts: Canadian Tire Retail (CTR), Canadian Financial Services (CTFS), Canadian Tire Petroleum (CTP), PartSource, and Mark’s Work Wearhouse. Each of these five components of CTC can then be broken down a step further. CTR operates 430 stores, with an automotive, sports and leisure, and home products â€Å"mini store† in each. This sector was a retail store, but CTC’s retail division was very unconventional and did not even look â€Å"retail†. In addition to managing the Canadian Tire Options MasterCard program, CTFS â€Å"managed the auto club, offered a variety of insurance and warranty products to more than six million customers, and provided integrated support to CTC stores, automotive service center and online and telephone shopping businesses† (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 2). CTP managed a variety of gas bars, car washes, and Pit Stops. PartSource sold automotive parts to home mechanics as well as professionals. Mark’s Work Warehouse offered causal as well as work wear to men and woman (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 2). Each of these five components of Canadian Tire Corporation was originally operating under their own IT system in order to fulfill their own needs. CTR used the IBM AS/400 system and a point-of-sale system that networked back to the CTR data centre. IMB RS6000 was used at CTFS. Point-of-sale systems were also used at PartSource and CTP. Finally, Mark’s Work Wearhouse operated on a totally independent system (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 3). It is clear that Canadian Tire Corporation was a very complex organization with many facets. The five components of CTC; CTR, CTFS, CTP, PartSource, and Mark’s Work Wearhouse, all serve different industries and different target markets. Within each of these components, again, a wide variety of products are being sold to groups of people with different needs. The breadth of products and services offered by CTC had a huge effect on the implementation of the business intelligence initiative. The IT department, like the business intelligence efforts in general, had become very disjointed at Canadian Tire Corporation. While there was an information warehouse (IW) used at CTC, other departments, such as finance, had their own information source, the Finance Retail Analytics Group (FRAG). The IW was quickly becoming obsolete and it produced different answers to many of the same questions, and did not provide any information at all at times (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 7). With the inability to obtain the data needed from the IW, Shadow IT groups formed. These can be defined as IT groups within the business units that catered to the individual needs of that group (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 4). The spending of these groups was not monitored, and they posed an unknown security risk to CTC (Haggerty Meister, Pg. 8). These Shadow IT groups surely became comfortable working with little to no supervision and an apparently unlimited budget. It is hard to tell if the Shadow IT groups were actually helping the company because without any semblance of a budget, it is difficult to see how cost effective they really were. Making changes to such a working environment may be a difficult task. Prior to the new BI strategy, the Shadow IT groups were a very important part of each group’s IT needs. With a more defined BI strategy in place, members of the Shadow IT groups may resist the changes set forth in the BI strategy. For example, cost control was one of the initiatives set forth in the BI strategy. Prior to the new BI strategy, the Shadow IT groups were working with essentially no budget. With a budget in place, Shadow IT group members may begin to feel the strain. Standardization and risk management were also mentioned. The Shadow IT groups were providing information solely to the group or department they were working for. Generally, none of the information used or obtained was uniform or even shared across departments; the information was also not be monitored. New rules and restrictions may hit some in these groups the wrong way. Shadow IT group members may be unwilling to share data with other groups, and may see the increased scrutiny on their activities as intrusive. It is unknown whether the Shadow IT groups would pick up the work set forth in the new BI strategy. When the new BI strategy is up and running, these Shadow IT groups would most likely integrate into the new BI strategy and essentially disappear. Their services will not be needed, as the IT system as a whole will become more streamlined and centralized. Each division of Canadian Tire Corporation will no longer need its own little IT department serving only interior needs. One of the biggest differences that can be seen from the exhibits is the elimination of the â€Å"independent data sources† within the previous BI environment, and folded into the â€Å"source systems† function. Previously, â€Å"Shadow IT† groups were providing data that was not a part of the BI environment officially. In the new environment, they will be brought into the fold. Another difference was the introduction of the data mart. A data mart is a subset of an organization where data is stored. Typically it is oriented towards a specific purpose or a major data subject that may be distributed to support business needs. These are analytical data sources designed to focus on specific business functions for a specific community within the organization. Data marts tend to be tactical and aimed at meeting an immediate need. The new model had multiple data marts—each one relevant to one or more units for which it was assigned. Each department was assigned its own data mart for which it can solely control its hardware, software, and data. This enabled each department to use, manipulate, and develop the data anyway as sees fit. The final difference between the current and desired BI infrastructure was the intranet presentation layer. This mainly dealt with the function of translation and encryption. CTC had a large number of mainframes, servers, operating systems, and hardware platforms which had distinct characteristics and represent data in many ways—the presentation layers managed the job of handling these differences between machines. The challenges of implementing the new system were the same that many organizations face. Creating organizational and cultural change across the business is an extremely challenging force to overcome, but one that ultimately shows a tremendous return for an organization. The BI implementation at CTC is a tremendous example of just that. The first step in the plan was the creation of a data warehouse that will contain data marts which can hold data from the five different business groups within the organization. This data warehouse will supply vital information to all of CTCs managers throughout the entire organization. These data marts will create a standardization process for organizing the data within the entire CTC organization, which accomplishes one of the long term BI goals of CTC. The second step is to coordinate with the various departments and Shadow IT groups within this organization. This could involve reorganizing of the Shadow IT staff members, specifically the employees which need to be involved in the entire process of the IT restructuring from start to finish. Placing them in roles that fit into the long term strategic plans would also help. The third step is to implement training that can help create better BI implementation process. A better workforce can lead to a better outcome. The final step would be to create a web portal for end users to access the new data marts. This portal will allow end users to query data that is relevant to their own business unit needs but deny access to information that is not needed for their specific job function. Following these steps should lead to a smooth restructuring of the entire IT infrastructure.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The International Business Environment - 4269 Words

Table of Contents Introduction International business Environment Theories Guiding Decisions of Firms Transaction Cost Theory International Product Life Cycle Theory Foreign Direct Investment Theory Of Internalization Competitive Advantage Theory SWOT Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusion THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction International business International business involves business activities that crosses borders ADDIN EN.CITE Brooks2004145(Brooks et al., 2004)1451456Brooks, I.Weatherston, J.Wilkinson, G.The international business environment2004New JerseyFinancial Times Prentice Hall9780273682479http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=rxzkqOPM9KUCBrooks20041451451456Brooks, I.Weatherston, J.Wilkinson, G.The international business environment2004New JerseyFinancial Times Prentice Hall9780273682479http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=rxzkqOPM9KUC( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Brooks, 2004 #145 Brooks et al., 2004). International business does not exclude small companies neither does it only occur when a company set up operational base ADDIN EN.CITE Shenkar2004144(Shenkar, 2004)14414417Shenkar, OdedOne More Time: International Business in a Global EconomyJournal of International Business StudiesJournal of International Business Studies161-1713522004Palgrave Macmillan Journals00472506http://www.jstor.org/stable/3875249( HYPERLINK l _ENR EF_7 o Shenkar, 2004 #144 Shenkar, 2004). The key consideration forShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Environment6667 Words   |  27 PagesModule specification INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Code: PGBM04 Credits: 15 Level: Masters FBL, Business School Board: Postgraduate Business Studies Learning Hours: 150 of which 30 CONTACT hours Rationale 1. The international business environment is multi-dimensional, including economic, political, socio-cultural and technological influences. While each can be viewed in specific national settings, increasingly they have become interrelated through processes of globalisation. In particularRead MoreInternational Business Environment3863 Words   |  16 Pages[Date] [Date] INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Globalization refers to the widely flow of production factors within the entire globe in order to understand the optimum resource allocation. Different authors provide different definitions of globalisation with their profound research. According to international monetary fund, globalization increases the rapid and extensive transmission of technology along with international commodity, transactionsRead MoreInternational Business Environment4226 Words   |  17 PagesINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Question 4: Compare and contrast the activities of two companies of your choice in the same industrial sector in developing new technology to try to maintain competitive advantage. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 4 (i)PRINCIPAL STAGES OF TECH DEVELOPMENT 4 (ii)BASIC INDEXES OF TECHNOLOGY 4 ROLE OF Ramp;D 5 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION 7 ANALYSIS 10 Read MoreThe Impact Of International Business On Business Environment Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesIf the firms, which enter the international market, are ineffective at risk management, this is a risk in itself for Governments, as it can lead to economic inconsistencies. International business differs from domestic business for a variety of reasons, including as culture, labour and environmental standards, foreign exchange and political, economic and legal systems. The main reason for why there is such a significant difference between the two types of business is due to the increased risk associatedRead MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. Managers must become more culturally sensitive since diversity in the workplaceRead MoreInfluential Factors of International Business and International Business Environment4145 Words   |  17 PagesA Business Growth and Strategy Project On INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT By: Ankit D Jethani 6937 Business Environment consist of every factors influential to the business operations. These factors are classified into two broad categories. These are: a) External or UncontrollableRead MoreThe Aspect of International Business Environment2799 Words   |  11 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction Dramatic world trends in the last two decades rapidly entail international business. Markets for goods and services are now global especially so for financial instruments of all kinds ADDIN EN.CITE Daniels2007150(Daniels et al., 2007)1501506 Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D.International Business: environment and operations, 11th edition2007Upper Saddle River( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Daniels, 2007 #150 Daniels et al., 2007). This paperRead MoreThe International / Global Business Environment Essay3139 Words   |  13 Pages THE INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Jessica Beer â€Å"Whatever your level of involvement, it is important to understand the global business environment and its influence on the manager s role. This complex role demands a contingency approach to dynamic environments, each of which has its own unique requirements.† (Deresky, 2010). Within the overall global environment, there are three subsections that global managers must understand comprehensively before they can expect to have successRead MoreInternational Business Environment, Italy5044 Words   |  21 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL International Business Environment Assignment 1 Student ID: November 2012 CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Analysis of industry (sector) 5 Analysis of country (economy) 13 Recommendations 20 List of references 21 Executive Summary This work is a presentation of a short review of the current general economic situation in Europe, which includesRead MoreThe Effect Of International Marketing Environment On Business Environment Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesto the competitiveness and the survival of any business entity cannot be over emphasis in today’s business environment. (Kotler, 2011). Most businesses are expanding and getting into new market areas for economic and strategic reasons and it is becoming increasingly difficult, if not possible, for companies to insulate themselves from the effect of international marketing environment, even if their products are designed for purely local environment. For any marketing plan to be successful, it must

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

fuctions of management Essay - 975 Words

Out of the four topics I would say the first step in the four functions of management is organizing. Organizing The first step of organizing would be self-organizing and time management. Without self-organizing your team will not be organized and will start going to other places for leadership. Once the self-organizing is done then the manager can start organizing the team. Time management for your team should be a priority the team leader. The next step would be to develop a matrix and a chain of command. A clear chain of command will help organize the team. In my opinion Planning is the second step. Without proper planning the team or workers will start making their own plans and those plans may not be want the manager wants.†¦show more content†¦One valuable tool I have learned to use that helps me be a good leader is the website Out of the Box Coachingâ„ ¢ and Breakthroughs with the Enneagram by Mary R. Bast, Ph.D. 2005 she describes nine leadership styles and the faults and descriptions and as well as development skill. LEADERSHIP STYLE ONE: The Idealist A self-observing Idealist can be a wonderful leader: wise, tolerant, balanced, and focused on standards of excellence in ways that provide an exemplary vision for followers. Ones are often the purveyors of quality in an organization. LEADERSHIP STYLE TWO: The Mentor The most interpersonally oriented of all the leadership styles, healthy Mentors are unconditionally caring leaders who derive deep satisfaction from seeing and encouraging the development of others; they are typically great supporters of customer service. Well-developed Twos will also be aware of their own needs, which provides balance in their lives and allows them to give freely, without expectation of return. LEADERSHIP STYLE THREE: The Star Star leaders are often expansive, risk-taking go-getters who ensure high productivity for their organizations. Formidable models for others, they are efficient and supremely goal-oriented; consequently, they tend to rise to top organizational levels, or to run their own companies. LEADERSHIP STYLE FOUR: The Innovator Innovators are vital to the health of an organization because they are able to view things from aShow MoreRelated7-Eleven Management Control1601 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal 7-Eleven Management Control INTRODUCTION. Control. In management control is a critical fuction. Management control problem can lead to large loses and possibly even to organizational failure. (Kenneth and Van Der Stede, 2004). Why controlling became the crucial thing on an organization or company? it because controlling handle the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. (Robbins and Coulter, 2009). So, what the impact to the company or organization ifRead MoreTop Ranking Private Bank Of Bangladesh1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ovarall performance for the organization. premier bank is a top ranking private bank of Bangladesh. As a successful commercial bank it follows all the managerial fuctions properly. Planning: It is important for a bank to formulate it:s plans and set the objectives according to the business environment around. Premier bank management carry out their plans quite intelligently. Planing: premier bank formulate it s plans and strategies accurately. Deposit Money: They collect deposit from publicRead MoreEssay about Gscm803 Words   |  4 PagesAfterwards the assembly of both the product is done at German assembly plant. Now due to recent development of the video capable in Bugabyte there is delay in production which contributes to 30 percent late delivery rate. Due to this reason the management decide to outsource the assembly process to one of the suppliers. They hired the services of Grunwald and Vogel to reduce the percentage of late delivery rate. The risk factors include in outsourcing the assembly process are as below: a) Quality:Read MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Ip Implementation Of International Game Technology956 Words   |  4 PagesHaspreet Kaur Submitted to = Ms. Vivien Li Table of contents A. Introduction: 3 B. The key goals the IGT wanted to achieve using an ERP system: 3 C. Advantages and disadvantages of customising the system: 3 D.Ways IGT needs to adopt to handle change management during ERP implementation: 4 E. Conclusion: 5 F. Reference: 6 â€Æ' A. Introduction: This assignment is having a case study on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation of International Game Technology (IGT), a manufacturer of slot machinesRead MoreManaging Information Overload1140 Words   |  5 Pageseffects on an organizations performance. Within, technical and social systems there are a collection of complex components that solve problems within that system. Knowledge management uses the combination and utilization of technology at every phase that is available within the organization. Social and technical framework for management of knowledge is an appropriate method than an organization can use to handle problems due to information overload. In using both a social and technical approach withinRead MoreDesigning A Validation Package For Quality Assurance965 Words   |  4 PagesComputerized Calculations  · Documentation produced from testing (evidence that the requirements of Section 5.3, 5.3, and 5.4 of this procedure have been met) 5.1.2. All phases of the validation will be approved by Quality Assurance. Laboratory management will assign a qualified person(s) to serve as Validator. 5.1.3. The validation will be assigned a title and version (e.g. 3-Nitro Result Calculator, Version 1.0). 5.1.4. The software name and version will be documented, along with theRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1685 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations is to identify a problem. Once the problem is address you would idenitfy the decision makers and clarify the goals. So we would need back information about each practice which includes size, network info, and etc.We would need to the know the fuction of the electronic medical records. Aslo, the vdendor information such as the company history, employees, and etc. Electronic medical records will have a big impact on your practice so we have to make sure we choose the right vendor. This level ofRead MoreMy Pastime As A Child1375 Words   |  6 Pagesguide the student’s performance to the desired behavior by the teacher. If at least one student models good conduct it is possible for others to follow in the predicted behavior (Moore, 2011). This principle is important to integrate in a classroom management plan. Clear classroom strategies and interventions must be discussed and enforced to promote model behavior. However, the progressive attitudes can still be incorporated while such regulations are created. Students can be involved in the makingRead MoreThe Importance of an Efficient Group Work Activity 1807 Words   |  7 Pagesmost common problem in classes during my observations. It is so crucial problem, as it is accepted that group work helps students to enhance speaking skill by working together and communicating with each other. Group work and pair work is a class management strategy and the teachers’ role is facilitator. This role in group work is very difficult and very important. These reasons makes using group work activities so significant. â€Å"Groups often come up with more and better solutions than the individualRead MoreImportance of Budgets2532 Words   |  11 PagesBudgeting Methods There are two establish method for budgeting: top-down and bottom-up which is best for your project depends on your organization’s standard approach to decision making. Does management dictate most mandates? Or is the staff expected to produce ideas and decision that percolate up to management for final analysis? Your answer to this question will determine the most likely budgeting approach for the project.(G. Michael, 2007). Bottom-up Budgeting In bottom-up budgeting, staff members

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Changing Business Environment for Disruptive - myassignmenthelp

Question: Some of the buzzwords you hear about todays economic environment are black swans, unicorns and disruptive strategies. Describe each of these and discuss how industry leaders should prepare for them. Can you insulate your company from their influence? Answer: Introduction Black Swans Black swans are events that occur suddenly and cause a major disruption in an industry, economy or the world stage at large. They are unexpected in nature and it is extremely difficult to predict their manifestation (Taleb, 2016). The financial crisis of 2008 is a classic example of a black swan event. When it hit the world economy, it caused disruptions to every part of the globe. It must be understood that the signs of these black swan events are most difficult to notice. There were only a few outliers who predicted the fall of the financial markets in 2008. But once a black swan event is triggered all that is left to check is who is most prepared. Similarly the dot com bubble burst in the year of 2001 and left everyone catastrophically impaired. Certain events cast their effect in a specific region like the Hyperinflation of Zimbabwe. This was the most unexpected and the steepest rise in inflation that the world has seen till today. The countrys inflation reached an astronomical 79.6bn percent (Koech, 2011). The causes behind these events are different for different events and challenging to predict. However, in this report we will be discussing the impact of major black swan events and how an organization can protect itself from its devastating consequences. Unicorn Startups Unicorns is a terminology given to startup firms which cross the $1 billion mark in terms of their valuation. The term was first coined by a venture capitalist Aileen Lee. According to research, there are over 100 million new startups every year. Not all of them see the light of the day and among the ones that do, hardly a handful are valued at over a billion dollars. Therefore, it is safe to presume that these unicorns are doing something different and better than their counterparts and hence it becomes imperative that the existing firms prepare themselves against their rise. A new startup either offers an entirely new line of products or adds on to an existing product line by offering it at a lower price. Either way, it hurts the existing organizations of the industry. Another important point to note is that these unicorns are extremely beneficial for any economy at large. They bring about a constant wave of innovation and help industries grow and consistently offer something new (Lee, 2013). They help to widen the customer horizons and set a rather tall benchmark for other players in the industry to follow. Uber, Xiomi, Air BnB, Snapchat and Flipkart are at the moment top unicorns of the world (Fortune, 2016). Flipkart, since its beginning changed the face of the Ecommerce industry, Xiomi managed to lead the mobile phone market share across the globe and Snapchat became the face of social media by attracting 173 million new users every day in quarter 2 of the 2017 (Business insider, 2017). Disruptive technology Disruptive technology is the term used to address any new technology that emerges out of the blue and disrupts the status quo of the industry. The advancement of such technology is imperative for the growth of any economy. It must be kept in mind that every technology or innovation, may or may not be disruptive. However a disruptive technology most definitely challenges an incumbent business (Danneels, 2006). Any new knowledge, expertise or equipment that first surfaces in the market, targets the overlooked customers of existing organizations. Here Paritos principle plays an important role which defines that every company focuses on its 20% of customers who generate 80% of the profits for the company. Therefore a most common strategy adopted by upcoming entrepreneurs is to design products or services in order to target those 80% of disregarded customers. This is how every new startup establishes itself. Nonetheless when these new firms upmarket and start targeting the remainder profitable customers of the organization, disruption occurs. As this completely disorders the status quo and functionality of existing firms. Recommendations PESTLE analysis PESTLE analysis is a strategy tool followed by managers that helps them gain an insight on their industrial environment. This tool helps organizations be aware of the events surrounding them (Ramli, 2015). This awareness often helps firms get a birds eye view of any new business or technology emerging in the market and in turn keeping themselves prepared for black swan events, unicorns and disruptive technologies. One important aspect of this analysis involves not ignoring small hints thrown by the environment, which is often the trickiest part. Awareness of competition More often than not, the startups are taken for granted as organizations assume that firms will take time to grow and build a market share. Whenever a competitor firm changes its business pattern, it symbolizes that either it is expecting a change in the industry or a change in the consumer behavior. This makes it very important to track and keep aware of what competitors are doing (Huffington post, 2014). Also, customers at large have a tendency of comparing products and services from different firms of the industry before actually investing on it. A company must aim to get selected in that procedure of comparison by the consumer, at least by their targeted customers. This competition is also required and rather beneficial for the industry at large, as it helps to keep organizations on their toes and helps shake off complacency (Forbes, 2017). Keeping a stern eye on the competitor not only keeps the firm up to date but also enhances customer service and in turn customer satisfaction (Massey, 2000). Focus on all consumer segments As the Paritos rule discussed above implies that organizations gain 80% of their revenue from 20% of their customers. This makes firms myopic and they focus only on those 20% of the customers. Their advertising strategies, product positioning and service deliverability becomes increasingly focused on those 20% of the customers and the remaining 80% remain rather overlooked. This is exactly what startups take advantage of. They target this 80% and grab a hold on the market. Soon enough when they penetrate towards the rest 20%, disruption occurs. Therefore, it is essential that in order to protect the firm from the harmful impact of disruptive technology, an organization focuses on all of its customer segments. Regular feedbacks from the customers, increasing service efficiency and improved customer relationships can help gaining customer loyalty which in turn can either completely prevent or at least reduce the impact of an emerging disruptive technology or a unicorn startup. Continuous innovation Needless to say that continuous innovation is mandatory to survive the competitive scenario that we live in today. Customer demands and buying patterns change at the drop of a hat and hence it is wise for any organization to keep up with this change and develop in accordance. A classic example of promoting innovation is the Google 80-2 rule which implies employees to devote 20% of their work time into developing something new, brainstorming on new ideas and working on them. Google has a clear motto of Innovate or die (Wired, 2013). This is a major reason behind Google being a super unicorn with a mammoth valuation of over $100 billion (Huffington post, 2014). Google along with Facebook is a super unicorn and what is interesting to note is that not every new thing that these firms bring to table might be a hit with the customer. Some innovations like Google Video, Google wave and Google notebook were absolute flops (Fortune, 2014). Similarly Facebook gifts, Facebook credits, Facebook poke and recently Facebook stories have failed to garner the attention of its audience (Tech world, 2016). However what is important is that the company continues to innovate and consistently offers newness to sustain in the market (Denning, 2015). Remain differentiated In the world where every industry is trafficked with so many organizations, the only way to make a mark in the minds of the consumer is to remain differentiated. This differentiation could be in the form of price, product, place, target consumers or way of promotions. Carving a niche is a sure shot way of reducing the impact of unicorns hitting the industry day in and day out. Also as long as a firm is able to differentiate itself from its competitors, it is most like to protect itself by being washed away by disruptive technologies that might see the light of the day. This is the reason why many firms are consistently putting efforts to differentiate their offerings in order to build a loyal customer segment and to keep up with changing consumer needs. Contingency planning Black swan events are challenging to predict and the most that can be done by any firm is to prepare for the worst at any given point of time. Organizations must perform a thorough industry analysis, consider the worst case scenario and ensure that the firm is prepared for it. This is the reason why many banks hire experts whose sole work on everyday basis is to tally their current performance and camouflage it over every possible scenario politically, legally, technologically, economically and financially. This gives the firm a clear idea of what it can survive and what it cannot. This contingency comes handy at the times of black swan events or swooshing off of a market by a disruptive technology. Conclusion Black swans, Unicorn startups and disruptive technologies are no more far away scenarios, rather they are todays reality. They exist and as a matter of fact the frequency of their occurrence is on a rise. They are also important aspects of the world as without them there would be a definitive lack of innovation. It is extremely important that organizations prepare for the advent of such scenarios as and when they arise. In this era of cut throat competition, the strongest organization will survive while the ones that succumb will face a disappointing departure. Therefore organization must be very aware of every move their competitors make, have a detailed knowledge of the industry and its factors, promote innovation as a culture of work, strive to remain differentiated and have a contingency plan in place for any hard times the firm may face. If not eradicate, these few calculative and strategic measures by firms are sure to reduce the impact of these unforeseen circumstance. References Business insider, 2017, Snapchat users, https://www.businessinsider.in/Snapchat-has-173-million-users-but-its-struggling-to-grow-outside-North-America/articleshow/60029175.cms, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Tech world 2016, Facebook failed products, https://www.techworld.com/picture-gallery/social-media/17-failed-facebook-products-3605823/, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Fortune, 2016, Unicorns, https://fortune.com/unicorns/, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Huffington Post, 2014, Business Competition, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/reuben-singh/business-competition_b_6020018.html, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Forbes, 2013, Understanding your core market, https://www.forbes.com/pictures/emjl45fhdh/understanding-your-core-market/#3f639a7f1d37, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Wired, 2014, Googles 80-20 rule, https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/08/innovate-or-die-why-googles-8020-rule-is-a-red-herring/, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Huffington post, 2014, Super unicorn, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/hilary-wardle/mobile-commerce_b_5626140.html, viewed on 25 September, 2017 Fortune, 2014, Googles 8 biggest flops, https://fortune.com/2014/04/28/googles-8-biggest-flops/, viewed on 25 September, 2017. Ramli, M. A., Twaha, S. (2015). Analysis of renewable energy feed-in tariffs in selected regions of the globe: lessons for Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,45, 649-661. Massey, P. (2000). Market definition and market power in competition analysis: some practical issues.Economic and Social Review,31(4), 309-328. Taleb, N. N. (2016). Black Swan Events. Lee, A. (2013). Welcome to the unicorn club: Learning from billion-dollar startups.Techcrunch (https://techcrunch. com/2013/11/02/welcome-to-the-unicorn-club/). Koech, J. (2011). Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe.Annual Report, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, 2-12. Danneels, E. (2006). Dialogue on the effects of disruptive technology on firms and industries.Journal of Product Innovation Management,23(1), 2-4. Denning, S. (2015). New lessons for leaders about continuous innovation.Strategy Leadership,43(1), 11-15.

Friday, April 17, 2020

Outline and Evaluate the Reasons for the Growing Popularity free essay sample

Outline and evaluate the reasons for the growing popularity of alternative medicine Alternative medicine is a term that is used to describe medical practices that are different from accepted forms and is used instead of orthodox medicine (Hunt and Lightly, 1999). This term was given to these types of medical practices by the bio-medical model which reflects their power. However, recently it has been become ‘Complementary’ which shows the increasing acceptance of this type of medicine; this now marks a shift from seeing alternatives as in opposition to modern medicine to recognising that they can support orthodox treatment. This type of medicine has a Holistic approach, meaning that it treats the mind as well as the body, unlike the bio-medical model which could be a reason as to why more and more people use certain forms of complementary medicine. Alternative medicine has always been popular in Eastern societies; for example, treatments like Fire Cupping originate from China and over time have becoming increasingly popular in the West. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate the Reasons for the Growing Popularity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to a study in 2007, Britons spent ? 91 million on alternative medicine in that year alone and has been suggested that that figure has gone up by 32% in the past five years. Another reason as to why this form of medicine has become largely more popular in Western societies is that GPs and hospitals will often refer people to them if they feel that the bio-medical model can’t help them. Similarly, the NHS will refer to this form of medicine as ‘Complementary’, which shows that they no longer see it as a threat to their form of health care. According to Sharma (1992) the most popular forms on Complementary medicine are Herbalism, Osteopathy and Homeopathy. This could be down to the fact that these ones are the most successful in their treatment, or on the other hand it could be that celebrities have made it into some form of ‘Popular Culture’ in which the masses feel they should also try out. There are a significant amount of reasons as to why there has been a growth in the popularity of alternative/complementary medicine over the last decade. According to Bivins (2007) the popularity of bio-medicine suited a population under permanent threat of infectious diseases. Whereas today, patients’ needs have changed due to the fact that certain chronic conditions have risen which has in turn led to disappointment towards industrial medicine as it is shows that orthodox medicine doesn’t give people other options; it is limited in its treatments. Furthermore, industrial medicine is significantly impersonal compared to complementary medicine which could be another reasons as to why people are choosing alternate forms of health care. On the other hand, Hunt and Lightly (1999) suggest that it could be down to the fact that there are a growing number of people in the population which simply needs/wants to be different and experiment. Illich would put forward his theory of ‘iatrogenesis’ (when medicine does more harm than good), saying that people are concerned about the unpleasant side-effects of drugs and the interventionist nature of medical practice which has been proven by surveys taken out. Another minor issue could be that people now demand for patient input; regarding complementary medicine, the doctor and the patient talk and together come up with solutions; the patient isn’t treated passive and isn’t talked to. According to Bakx (1991) the decline in the cultural dominance of biomedicine and the medical profession has resulted in the re-emergence of the plurality of alternative approached to health. Stanway would refute this view and suggest that people ‘simply want to experiment’. He would also say that this could be down to philosophical/religious reservations about what is being offered. Orthodox medicine have a ‘body dualism’ approach instead of a Holistic approach in which alternative medicine does take; they take into account everything to do with the patients life, whether that be physical or emotional or psychological problems. However, Coward (1989) would refute both models of health saying that they ‘tend to stress that health problems are individual, both in terms of the causes and the cures’. He would say that this ignores the wider social factors that cause ill health, such as poverty, job-related stress and pollution. He would also say that many of the treatments haven’t been tested in the ways that conventional medicine has, so it hasn’t met the ‘Peer Review criteria’ which therefore brings into account the â€Å"Placebo Affect† suggesting that these treatments make people believe that they are feeling better when actually it is all fake. This suggests that the rising popularity of contemporary medicine is fake and that the medicine doesnt actually do anything, but because people think it does they are using it more and more. He would also state that if people on rely on alternative medicine it could be dangerous in the case of serious diseases like Cancer and AIDS where conventional treatments are more effective. Fulder would agree with Coward here and question whether alternative practitioners are prepared to take sole responsibility for their patients when regarding chronic diseases and whether they would refer them to the bio-medical models’ treatment or keep them in their own hands. According to a survey done by Fulder and Monro, it was suggested that the kind of people who use alternative medicine are more likely to be middle class, female and young to middle-aged. Some would argue that this is because alternative medicine can be expensive, and also because women often go to the doctors more than men they are now turning to complementary treatments in hope that (for example) their period pains, morning sickness etc will be sorted by other forms of medicine. To conclude, there are a number of reasons as to why there is a growing popularity of alternative medicine and there isnt one clear cut answer.

Friday, March 13, 2020

The Name Is Not the Thing

The Name Is Not the Thing The Name Is Not the Thing The Name Is Not the Thing By Mark Nichol Writers sometimes have difficulty differentiating in their syntax between something and its name. Here are some examples of this type of error, with explanations and solutions. 1. â€Å"The cartoon series is so inspired by the city that all characters are local street names.† Here, the writer attempts to explain that names in the cast of characters of a television series were selected by going through a list of streets located in the city in which the series is set; this decision exemplifies the extent to which the city inspired the program. This can be stated more simply with just a slight correction of the original sentence: â€Å"The cartoon series is so inspired by the city that all characters are named after local streets.† The following variation is even closer to the writer’s wording but is repetitive and less elegant: â€Å"The cartoon series is so inspired by the city that all characters’ names are local street names.† 2. â€Å"What is a BNP? This relatively new blood test, which stands for ‘b-type natriuretic peptide serum,’ measures the level of a hormone released when the heart chambers stretch larger than normal.† This writer makes the mistake of implying that the blood test is an abbreviation for â€Å"b-type natriuretic peptide serum.† But it is BNP, the preceding initialism for the test, not the test itself, that represents the full name, and that distinction must be explicit: â€Å"What is a BNP? This relatively new blood test, the initials for which stand for â€Å"b-type natriuretic peptide serum,† measures the level of a hormone released when the heart chambers stretch larger than normal.† 3. â€Å"They created an Advisory Committee on the Protection and Use of Sandy Point.† This wording implies that creation of advisory committees on the protection and use of Sandy Point is a regular occurrence, and that this was just another instance of that commonplace event. The sentence should avoid this minor but distracting confusion by referring to creation of a generic entity that is then named: â€Å"They created a body called the Advisory Committee on the Protection and Use of Sandy Point.† Alternatively, assuming that the revision fits the context, the sentence might read something like, â€Å"To that end, they created the Advisory Committee on the Protection and Use of Sandy Point.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Deck the Halls20 Ways to Laugh

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Explain the federal court system in its entirety. Be sure to state and Essay

Explain the federal court system in its entirety. Be sure to state and explain each of the courts that comprise the federal syst - Essay Example The hierarchy of courts also includes several administrative courts such as the U.S. Claims Court, the Court of International Trade, quasi-judicial tribunals of the federal regulatory agencies and the military tribunals (Van Devort 2000). It also includes the U.S. Tax Court and a lesser tribunal, the U.S. Court of Veterans Appeal. The federal district court is a court of original jurisdiction; this is where â€Å"cases and controversies† are file for the first time (Van Dervort 2000). From the trial courts cases are brought for appeal in the U.S. court of appeals. The U.S. court of appeals is the intermediate appeals courts in the federal system. It has two types the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The first has limited jurisdiction and only hear and decide cases regarding questions of law and not of fact from the district courts and is also the appellate court for the U.S. Tax Court. The second has jurisdiction to hear appeals from district courts based on specialized matters such as cases arising from patent laws and damages against the federal government, and possess jurisdiction over appeals from several administrative bodies and from the decisions of the U.S. Claims Court and the Court of International Trade.

Monday, February 10, 2020

DNA - The Double Helix Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DNA - The Double Helix - Lab Report Example To solve the DNA structure puzzle and discover what the molecule looked like, the work of many people was needed to come up with the full structure. The scientists used X-rays to see through DNA, a Three–Helical structure and specific base pairing to show the DNA structure (Nobelprize 9). It was also proved that genes are a result of replication of coded regions in the DNA which are passed from one generation to another. As a result, Gregor Mendel of Czech noted that certain traits such as colour in peas were inherited in different packages called genes. Oswald, an American, theory which stated hat the genes were made of nucleic acid was also affirmed. The game helps us know how copying of genome in an organism takes place and that different species like the mouse, mosquito, e-coli bacteria, fruit fly or flower have different amounts of DNA. It also helps in understanding how copying of genome in different organisms takes place. From the game, one is able to have an clear understanding that most living organisms have similar genetic material (DNA) as it gives a clear picture of DNA molecule structural shape (The double helix) which resembles a staircase and is found in almost every living organism. It also gives an easy way of pairing up bases that is A with T and G with C and helps one know that only up to three mutations are accepted in the human

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Trends and Issues in Beer Industry Essay Example for Free

Trends and Issues in Beer Industry Essay 1. News Article Title: Modern trends and issues in the world beer industry (2 Points) Name of media presenting article: TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES (2 Points) URL to news article: http://www. tcs. com/SiteCollectionDocuments/White%20Papers/CPG-Whitepaper-Brewery-Industry-Transition-0313-1. pdf (2 Points) 1) Question 1: Are demographic changes included in main trends of the beer industry? Answer 1: True 2) Question 2 : Do retailers have impact in the beer industry? Answer 2:. True 3) Question 3: Does Retail industry have a deep understanding of consumer behaviour? Answer 3:True 4) Question 4: Are consumers from emerging markets for alcoholic drinks in the 15 to 34 age group? Answer 4: False 5) Question 5: Do retailers demand long-term delivery? Answer 5: False. ATTACHMENT OF COMPLETE ARTICLE MUST ACCOMPANY THIS! (3 Points) Correct format used (Times New Roman, Font Size 12): (1 Point) Paste here. Everybody knows that competition in the brewery industry is always high, especially between private labels, which have a big impact on the environment. So they need a balance between strong presence on developed markets with high profit as well as developing markets with huge perspective and volume growth in the future. As every field, beer industry has its own trends and issues. Let’s start from trends. 1. Impact of retail industry Retail industry has a deep understanding of consumer behaviour due to their everyday close relations. It is a big advantage for manufacturers, who provide maximum sales volume, in terms of price settings. In the same time, retailers demand shorter delivery-terms and better service. 2. Demographic changes. Consumers for alcoholic drinks in the 15 to 34 age group in developed countries have witnessed a decline in consumption of beer; a trend that contrasts with the observations in emerging nations. Additionally, due to changes in taste and growth of income, consumers chose quality rather than quantity and it is a challenge for breweries. 3. Consolidation Beer manufacturers use mergers and acquisitions to increase their growth. The major players have been looking for the scale to: A)Gain competitive advantage in terms of offsetting retailer power, B) Establish a strong position within the distribution chain, C) Gain shelf space. Issues The conflicting interests of manufacturers, distributors and retailers coupled with government regulations force manufacturers to reevaluate their supply chain systems to address some of the following challenges: A)Price volatility for goods B)Manage expanding range of different products and eliminate non-profitable variants C)Provide higher service levels demanded by distributors and retailers D)Comply with government regulations in batch management and traceability requirements E) Accurately understand the complexities of work in emerging markets and the high cost to serve a variation between urban and rural markets. It is time for the industry to take a fresh look at its operations. Subsequent integration processes, in addition to compliance to multiple regulatory norms, has indeed created a significant shift in the way the industry operates. Beer companies would need to re-evaluate their supply chain practices such that they keep pace with quickening product innovations and launch processes. The retailer influence is also increasingly adding pressure to their already tight margins, making optimization efforts the most necessary.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Definition Essay - Genre -- Definition Essay

Definition Essay – Genre "Genre," in the most generic definition, takes the meaning "kind; sort; style" (OED). Prior to the term's inception, the notion of genre in the study of media emerged in The Poetics, with Aristotle's discussion of the mode or manner of imitation in poetry. Of this Aristotle writes, "the medium being the same, and the objects [of imitation] the same, the poet may imitate by narration - in which case he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchanged - or he may present all his characters as living and moving before us" (Aristotle, 53). Here lies the distinction between epic, lyric, and drama, a distinction based solely in convention, the usage of the medium, independent of specific content (see also Narrative/Lyric/Drama). Yet Aristotle's genre binary of Tragedy and Comedy rests on some observation of the objects of imitation themselves: "Comedy aims at representing men as worse, Tragedy as better than in actual life" (Aristotle, 52). Later, in Section IV of The Poetics , Aristotle offers another method of generating this binary, based in historical observation (or some semblance of it). One final consideration, that of a work's purpose, arises in Aristotle's definition of Tragedy as "through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions," (Aristotle, 61). In this way The Poetics sketches out the basic framework of genre; yet this framework remains loose, since Aristotle establishes genre in terms of both convention and historical observation, and defines genre in terms of both convention and purpose. In Anatomy of Criticism (1957) Northrop Frye wrote, "We discover that the critical theory of genre is stuck precisely where Aristotle left ... ...ohns Hopkins University Press, 1979. Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton University Press: Princeton. 1990. Lacey, Nick. Narrative and Genre: Key Concepts in Media Studies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Liddell & Scott. An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (Middle Liddell). London: Oxford University Press, 1968. MacLuhan, Marhsall. Understanding Media. Malmkjà ¦r, Kirsten. "Genre Analysis." The Linguistics Encyclopedia. Ed. Kirsten Malmkjà ¦r. New York: Routledge, 1991. Monaco, James. How to Read a Film. Oxford University Press: New York. 1981. Trowse, Nadeane. "The Exclusionary Potential of Genre: Margery Kempe's Transgressive Search for a Deniable Pulpit." The Rhetoric and Ideology of Genre. Cresskill, NJ: Hampston Press Inc., 2002. Warshow, Robert. The Immediate Experience. Harvard University Press: Cambridge. 2001.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

3-D Password for More Security

ADVANCED E-SECURITY CP5603 MINOR RESEARCH REPORT Submitted By: Neeraj Kumar MIT-MBA Student ID. : 12682310 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page no ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 2-6 1. 1 Authentication 5 1. Authentication Methods 5-6 1. 3 Organization of the Report 6 ACTUAL RESEARCH WORK 7-8 3D PASSWORD SYSTEM 2. 1 Overview 7 2. 2 Innovative Component 7-8 2. Comparison with Current Authentication Systems 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 3D PASSWORD 9-16 3. 1 Virtual Object Recognition 9 3. 2 3D Password Selection and Inputs 10-13 3. 3 3D Virtual Environment Design Guidelines 14-16 APPLICATIONS 17-18 4. Advantages 18 CONCLUSION 19 REFERENCES 20 ABSTRACT Current authentication systems suffer from many weaknesses. Textual passwords are commonly used; however, users do not follow their requirements. Users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionaries, which make textual passwords easy to break and vulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks.Many available graphical passwords have a password sp ace that is less than or equal to the textual password space. Smart cards or tokens can be stolen. Many biometric authentications have been proposed; however, users tend to resist using biometrics because of their intrusiveness and the effect on their privacy. Moreover, biometrics cannot be revoked. In this report mechanism of secure authentication is dicussed. The 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects.The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the user’s 3-D password. The 3-D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3-D virtual environment. The design of the 3-D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-D password key space. INTRODUCTION In this chapter the pass word stereotypes such as textual passwords, biometric scanning, tokens or cards (such as an ATM) etc.Current authentication systems suffer from many weaknesses. Textual passwords are commonly used; however, users do not follow their requirements. Users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionary or their pet names, girlfriends etc. Ten years back Klein performed such tests and he could crack 10-15 passwords per day. On the other hand, if a password is hard to guess, then it is often hard to remember. Users have difficulty remembering a password that is long and random appearing. So, they create short, simple, and insecure passwords that are susceptible to attack.Which make textual passwords easy to break and vulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks. Graphical passwords schemes have been proposed. The strength of graphical passwords comes from the fact that users can recall and recognize pictures more than words. Most graphical passwords are vulnerable for shoulder surfing attacks, where an attacker can observe or record the legitimate user’s graphical password by camera. Token based systems such as ATMs are widely applied in banking systems and in laboratories entrances as a mean of authentication. However, Smart cards or tokens are vulnerable to loss or theft.Moreover, the user has to carry the token whenever access required. Biometric scanning is your â€Å"natural† signature and Cards or Tokens prove your validity. But some people hate the fact to carry around their cards, some refuse to undergo strong IR exposure to their retinas (Biometric scanning). In this seminar, present and evaluate our contribution, i. e. , the 3-D password. The 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects.The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the user’s 3-D password. The 3-D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3-D virtual environment. The design of the 3-D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-Dpassword key space. 1. 1 AUTHENTICATION Authentication is the act of establishing or confirming something as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the subject are true.This might involve confirming the identity of a person, tracing the origins of an artifact, ensuring that a product is what it’s packaging and labeling claims to be, or assuring that a computer program is a trusted one. For example, when you show proper identification credentials to a bank teller, you are asking to be authenticated to act on behalf of the account holder. If your authentication request is approved, you become authorized to access the accounts of that account holder, but no others. 1. 2 AUTHENTICATION METHODS The first i s comparing the attributes of the object itself to what is known about objects of that origin.For example, an art expert might look for similarities in the style of painting, check the location and form of a signature, or compare the object to an old photograph. An archaeologist might use carbon dating to verify the age of an artifact, do a chemical analysis of the materials used, or compare the style of construction or decoration to other artifacts of similar origin. The physics of sound and light, and comparison with a known physical environment, can be used to examine the authenticity of audio recordings, photographs, or videos. The second type relies on documentation or other external affirmations.For example, the rules of evidence in criminal courts often require establishing the chain of custody of evidence presented. This can be accomplished through a written evidence log, or by testimony from the police detectives and forensics staff that handled it. Some antiques are accomp anied by certificates attesting to their authenticity. External records have their own problems of forgery and perjury, and are also vulnerable to being separated from the artifact and lost. Currency and other financial instruments commonly use the first type of authentication method.Bills, coins, and cheques incorporate hard-to-duplicate physical features, such as fine printing or engraving, distinctive feel, watermarks, and holographic imagery, which are easy for receivers to verify. Consumer goods such as pharmaceuticals, perfume, fashion clothing can use either type of authentication method to prevent counterfeit goods from taking advantage of a popular brand's reputation (damaging the brand owner's sales and reputation). A trademark is a legally protected marking or other identifying feature which aids consumers in the identification of genuine brand-name goods. 1. ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT The 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we presen t a 3-D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the user’s 3-D password. The 3-D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3-D virtual environment. The design of the 3-D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3-Dpassword key space.ACTUAL RESEARCH WORK 3D PASSWORD SYSTEM 2. 1 OVERVIEW In this chapter the system consist of multi factor authentication scheme. It can combine all existing authentication schemes into a single 3Dvirtual environment. This 3D virtual environment contains several objects or items with which the user can interact. The user is presented with this 3D virtual environment where the user navigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactions toward the objects i nside the 3D environment constructs the user’s 3Dpassword.The 3D password can combine most existing authentication schemes such as textual passwords, graphical passwords, and various types of biometrics into a 3D virtual environment. The choice of what authentication schemes will be part of the user's 3D password reflects the user's preferences and requirements. A user who prefers to remember and recall a password might choose textual and graphical password as part of their 3D password. On the other hand users who have more difficulty with memory or recall might prefer to choose smart cards or biometrics as part of their 3D password.Moreover user who prefers to keep any kind of biometric data private might not interact with object that requires biometric information. Therefore it is the user's choice and decision to construct the desired and preferred 3D password. 2. 2 INNOVATIVE COMPONENT The proposed system is a multi-factor authentication scheme that combines the benefits of various authentication schemes. Users have the freedom to select whether the 3D password will be solely recall, recognition, or token based, or combination of two schemes or more. This freedom of selection is necessary because users are different and they have different requirements.Therefore, to ensure high user acceptability, the user’s freedom of selection is important. The following requirements are satisfied in the proposed scheme 1. The new scheme provide secrets that are easy to remember and very difficult for intruders to guess. 2. The new scheme provides secrets that are not easy to write down on paper. Moreover, the scheme secrets should be difficult to share with others. 3. The new scheme provides secrets that can be easily revoked or changed. 2. 3 COMPARISON WITH CURRENT AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS Suffer from many weaknesses. Textual passwords are commonly used.Users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionaries, which make textual passwords easy to break and v ulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks. Many available graphical passwords have a password space that is less than or equal to the textual password space. Smart cards or tokens can be stolen. Many biometric authentications have been proposed. However, users tend to resist using biometrics because of their intrusiveness and the effect on their privacy. Moreover, biometrics cannot be revoked. The 3D password is a multi-factor authentication scheme.The design of the 3D virtual environment and the type of objects selected determine the 3D password key space. User have freedom to select whether the 3D password will be solely recall, recognition, or token based, or combination of two schemes or more. IMPLEMENTATION 3. 1 VIRTUAL OBJECT RECOGNITION Virtual objects can be any object that we encounter in real life. Any obvious actions and interactions toward the real life objects can be done in the virtual3Denvironment toward the virtual objects. Moreover, any user input (such as spea king in a specific location) in the virtual 3Denvironment can be considered as a part of the 3Dpassword.We can have the following objects: 1) A computer with which the user can type; 2) A fingerprint reader that requires the user’s fingerprint; 3) A biometric recognition device; 4) A paper or a white board that a user can write, sign, or draw on; 5) An automated teller machine (ATM) that requests a token; 6) A light that can be switched on/off; 7) A television or radio where channels can be selected; 8) A staple that can be punched; 9) A car that can be driven; 10) A book that can be moved from one place to another; 11) Any graphical password scheme; 12) Any real life object; 3) Any upcoming authentication scheme. The action toward an object (assume a fingerprint recognition device)that exists in location (x1 , y1 , z1 ) is different from the actions toward a similar object (another fingerprint recognition device) that exists in location (x2 , y2 , z2 ),where x1 = x2 , y1 = y 2 , and z1 = z2 . Therefore, to perform the legitimate 3Dpassword, the user must follow the same scenario performed by the legitimate user. This means interacting with the same objects that reside at the exact locations and perform the exact actions in the proper sequence. 3. 2 3D PASSWORD SELECTION AND INPUTSLet us consider a 3Dvirtual environment space of size G ? G ? G. The 3Denvironment space is represented by the coordinates (x, y, z) ? [1†¦ G]? [1†¦ G]? [1†¦ G]. The objects are distributed in the 3Dvirtual environment with unique (x, y, z) coordinates. We assume that the user can navigate into the 3Dvirtual environment and interact with the objects using any input device such as a mouse, key board, fingerprint scanner, iris scanner, stylus, card reader, and microphone. Consider the sequence of those actions and interactions using the previous input devices as the user’s 3Dpassword.For example, consider a user who navigates through the 3Dvirtualenvironment that consists of an office and a meeting room. Let us assume that the user is in the virtual office and the user turns around to the door located in (10, 24, 91) and opens it. Then, the user closes the door. The user then finds a computer to the left, which exists in the position (4, 34, 18), and the user types â€Å"FALCON. † Then, the user walks to the meeting room and picks up a pen located at (10, 24, 80) and draws only one dot in a paper located in (1, 18, 30), which is the dot (x, y) coordinate relative to the paper space is (330, 130).The user then presses the login button. The initial representation of user actions in the 3Dvirtual environment can be recorded as follows: †¢ (10, 24, 91) Action = Open the office door; †¢ (10, 24, 91) Action = Close the office door; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, â€Å"F†; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, â€Å"A†; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, â€Å"L†; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typin g, â€Å"C†; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, â€Å"O†; †¢ (4, 34, 18) Action = Typing, â€Å"N†; †¢ (10, 24, 80) Action = Pick up the pen; †¢ (1, 18, 80) Action = Drawing, point = (330, 130). Figure 3. 2 – Snapshot of an experimental 3-D virtual environmentThe 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme. It can combine all existing authentication schemes into a single 3-D virtual environment. This 3-D virtual environment contains several objects or items with which the user can interact. The type of interaction varies from one item to another. The 3-D password is constructed by observing the actions and interactions of the user and by observing the sequences of such actions. It is the user’s choice to select which type of authentication techniques will be part of their 3-D password. This is chieved through interacting only with the objects that acquire information that the user is comfortable in providing and ignoring th e objects that request information that the user prefers not to provide. For example, if an item requests an iris scan and the user is not comfortable in providing such information, the user simply avoids interacting with that item. Moreover, giving the user the freedom of choice as to what type of authentication schemes will be part of their 3-D password and given the large number of objects and items in the environment, the number of possible 3-D passwords will increase.Thus, it becomes much more difficult for the attacker to guess the user’s 3-D password. Fig 3. 2. 1 State diagram of 3D password 3. 3 3D VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN GUIDELINES The design of the 3 D virtual environments affects the usability, effectiveness, acceptability of 3D password. The first step in building a 3 ­Dpassword system is to design a 3 ­Denvironment that reflects the administration needs and the security requirements. Figure 3. 3 3D virtual environment 1) Real life-similarity ­The prospec tive 3 ¬D virtual environment should reflect what people are used to seeing in real life. Objects used in virtual environments should be relatively similar in size to real objects (sized to scale). Possible actions and interactions toward virtual objects should reflect real life situations. Object responses should be realistic. The target should have a 3 ­D virtual environment that users can interact. 2) Object uniqueness and distinction ­ Every virtual object or item in the 3 ­D virtual environment is different from any other virtual object.The uniqueness comes from the fact that every virtual object has its own attributes such as position. Thus, the prospective interaction with object 1 is not equal to the interaction with object 2. However, having similar objects such as 20 computers in one place might confuse the user. Therefore, the design of the 3 ­D virtual environment should consider that every object should be distinguishable from other objects. Similarly, in desi gning a 3 ­Dvirtual environment, it should be easy for users to navigate through and to distinguish between objects.The distinguishing factor increases the user’s recognition of objects. Therefore, it improves the system usability. 3) Three Dimensional Virtual Environment Size  ­ A 3 ­Dvirtual environment can depict a city or even the world. On the other hand, it can depict a space as focused as a single room or office. A large 3 ¬D virtual environment will increase the time required by the user to perform a 3 ­Dpassword. Moreover, a large3 ­Dvirtual environment can contain a large number of virtual objects. Therefore, the probable 3 ­Dpassword space broadens.However, a small 3 ­D virtual environment usually contains only a few objects, and thus, performing a 3 ­D password will take less time. 4) Number of objects and their types ­ Part of designing a 3 ­D virtual environment is determining the types of objects and how many objects should be placed in th e environment. The types of objects reflect what kind of responses the object will have. For simplicity, we can consider requesting a textual password or a fingerprint as an object response type. Selecting the right object response types and the number of objects affects the probable password space of a 3 ­D password. ) System Importance ­ The 3D virtual environment should consider what systems will be protected by a 3D password. The number of objects and the types of objects that have been used in the 3D virtual environment should reflect the importance of the protected system. APPLICATIONS The 3D password can have a password space that is very large compared to other authentication schemes, so the 3 ­D password’s main application domains are protecting critical systems and resources. 1. Critical servers ­Many large organizations have critical servers that are usually protected by a textual password. A 3-D password authentication proposes a sound replacement for a te xtual password. Moreover, entrances to such locations are usually protected by access cards and sometimes PIN numbers. Therefore, a 3-D password can be used to protect the entrance to such locations and protect the usage of such servers. 2. Nuclear and military facilities- Such facilities should be protected by the most powerful authentication systems.The 3 ­D password has a very large probable password space, and since it can contain token ­, biometrics ­, recognition ­, and knowledge based authentications in a single authentication system, it is a sound choice for high level security locations. 3. Airplanes and jet fighters ­ Because of the possible threat of misusing airplanes and jet fighters for religious, political agendas, usage of such airplanes should be protected by a powerful authentication system. In addition, 3 ­D passwords can be used in less critical systems because the 3D virtual environment can be designed to fit to any system needs.A small virtual envir onment can be used in the following systems like Some other application areas: †¢ ATM †¢ Desktop Computers ; laptop logins †¢ Web Authentication 4. 1 ADVANTAGES * Easy to memorize: Users can memorize a 3D password as a â€Å"little† story which makes the password easy to remember * Flexibility: 3d passwords allows multi-factor authentication. Smart cards, biometrics and alpha num. password can embedded in the 3d password technology * Strength: A scenario in a 3D environment offers as almost unlimited combination of possibilities.As such system can have specific 3d world, hack are extremely difficult. * The 3D password gives users the freedom of selecting what type of authentication techniques. * Secrets those are not easy to write down on paper. * The scheme secrets should be difficult to share with others. * Provide secrets that can be easily revoked or changed. CONCLUSION There are many authentication schemes in the current state. Some of them are based on us er’s physical and behavioral properties, and some other authentication schemes are based on user’s knowledge such as textual and graphical passwords.Moreover, there are some other important authentication schemes that are based on what you have, such as smart cards. Among the various authentication schemes, textual password and token-based schemes, or the combination of both, are commonly applied. However, as mentioned before, both authentication schemes are vulnerable to certain attacks. Moreover, there are many authentication schemes that are currently under study and they may require additional time and effort to be applicable for commercial use.In this report the 3D password mechanism is explained the 3-D password is a multifactor authentication scheme that combines these various authentication schemes into a single3-D virtual environment. The virtual environment can contain any existing authentication scheme or even any upcoming authentication schemes by adding it as a response to actions performed on an object. Therefore, the resulted password space becomes very large compared to any existing authentication schemes. REFERENCES [1] X. Suo, Y. Zhu, and G. S. Owen, â€Å"Graphical passwords: A survey,† in Proc. 1st Annual . Comput. Security Appl. Conf. , Dec. 5–9, 2005, pp. 463–472. [2] D. V. Klein, â€Å"Foiling the cracker: A survey of, and improvement to passwords security, in Proc. USENIX Security Workshop, 2008, Measurement,VOL. 57,September 2008. [3] NBC news, ATM Fraud: Banking on Your Money, Dateline Hidden Cameras Show Criminals Owning ATMs, Dec. 11, 2003. [4] T. Kitten, Keeping an Eye on the ATM. (2005, Jul. 11). ATMMarketPlace. com. [6] G. E. Blonder, â€Å"Graphical password,† U. S. Patent 5 559 961,Sep. 24, 1996. [7] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/3-D_Secure